Muffle furnace

1. Name of the Instrument: Muffle furnace

2. Working Principle : The muffle furnace generates high temperatures (typically 300–1200 °C) using electric heating elements. Samples are heated in an insulated chamber where organic matter is combusted, leaving inorganic ash residues.

3. Applications and types of studies for which the instrument is used:
• Organic matter estimation
• Ash content analysis
• Loss on ignition
• Sample preparation
Types of studies:
• Soil organic matter
• Plant ash analysis
• Compost characterization

4. User Instructions
A. Sample collection: :Dry samples only
B. Preparation: • Oven-dried and weighed.
C. Quantity: • 5–20 g

4. Submission requirements:• Heat-resistant crucibles if applicable.